Runs mini-batch k-means over a model's embeddings and scores the clusters against ground-truth labels with V-measure, across 11 mostly-English datasets.
unassessed
| Category | embedding |
|---|---|
| Subcategory | clustering |
| Page status | active |
| Metric | V-measure |
| Direction | higher_is_better |
| Unit | % |
| Dataset size | 11 |
| Dataset licence | Varies by dataset. |
| Publisher | Hugging Face and Cohere (original authors); maintained today by the open embeddings-benchmark community |
A set of texts is embedded and a mini-batch k-means model is fit directly on those embeddings, with k set to the number of ground-truth categories. No labels are used during fitting; cluster assignments are then compared to the true category labels.
Embed a text collection; fit mini-batch k-means (batch size 32, k = number of ground-truth labels); score cluster assignments against labels with V-measure.
| Model | Provider | Score | Card as of |
|---|---|---|---|
| NV Embed v2 | NVIDIA | 53.8 | 2026-04 |
| bge m3 | BAAI | 52.3 | 2026-04 |
| Qwen3 Embedding 8B | Alibaba / Qwen Team | 52.0 | 2026-04 |
| Qwen3 VL Embedding 8B | Alibaba / Qwen Team | 52.0 | 2026-04 |
| jina embeddings v4 | Jina AI | 51.5 | 2026-04 |
| jina embeddings v4 vllm retrieval | Jina AI | 51.5 | 2026-04 |
| Voyage 3 | Voyage AI | 51.5 | 2026-04 |
| e5 mistral 7B instruct | intfloat | 50.8 | 2026-04 |
| bge multilingual gemma2 | BAAI | 50.5 | 2026-04 |
| Gemini Embedding 001 | Google DeepMind | 50.5 | 2026-04 |
| jina embeddings v3 | Jina AI | 50.2 | 2026-04 |
| snowflake arctic embed l v2.0 | Snowflake | 49.8 | 2026-04 |
| nomic embed text v2 moe | Nomic AI | 49.5 | 2026-04 |
| nomic embed text v2 moe GGUF | Nomic AI | 49.5 | 2026-04 |
| Qwen3 Embedding 4B | Alibaba / Qwen Team | 49.5 | 2026-04 |
| text-embedding-3-large | OpenAI | 49.2 | 2026-04 |
| SFR Embedding 2 R | Salesforce | 49.0 | 2026-04 |
| bge large zh v1.5 | BAAI | 48.5 | 2026-04 |
| multilingual e5 large instruct | intfloat | 48.5 | 2026-04 |
| bge large en v1.5 | BAAI | 48.2 | 2026-04 |
| bge large zh | BAAI | 47.5 | 2026-04 |
| granite embedding english r2 | IBM | 47.5 | 2026-04 |
| granite embedding small english r2 | IBM | 47.5 | 2026-04 |
| snowflake arctic embed l | Snowflake | 47.2 | 2026-04 |
| bge large en | BAAI | 47.0 | 2026-04 |
| Voyage Code 3 | Voyage AI | 47.0 | 2026-04 |
| nomic embed text v1.5 | Nomic AI | 46.8 | 2026-04 |
| nomic embed text v1.5 GGUF | Nomic AI | 46.8 | 2026-04 |
| Voyage Finance 2 | Voyage AI | 46.8 | 2026-04 |
| e5 large v2 | intfloat | 46.5 | 2026-04 |
| snowflake arctic embed m v2.0 | Snowflake | 46.5 | 2026-04 |
| Voyage Multilingual 2 | Voyage AI | 46.5 | 2026-04 |
| Voyage 3 Lite | Voyage AI | 46.2 | 2026-04 |
| Voyage Law 2 | Voyage AI | 46.0 | 2026-04 |
| bge base en v1.5 | BAAI | 45.8 | 2026-04 |
| bge base zh v1.5 | BAAI | 45.5 | 2026-04 |
| granite embedding 278M multilingual | IBM | 45.5 | 2026-04 |
| nomic embed text v1 | Nomic AI | 45.5 | 2026-04 |
| multilingual e5 large | intfloat | 45.2 | 2026-04 |
| snowflake arctic embed m v1.5 | Snowflake | 45.2 | 2026-04 |
| e5 large | intfloat | 45.0 | 2026-04 |
| bge base zh | BAAI | 44.8 | 2026-04 |
| jina embeddings v2 base en | Jina AI | 44.8 | 2026-04 |
| snowflake arctic embed m long | Snowflake | 44.8 | 2026-04 |
| bge base en | BAAI | 44.5 | 2026-04 |
| Mistral Embed | Mistral AI | 44.5 | 2026-04 |
| e5 large unsupervised | intfloat | 44.2 | 2026-04 |
| jina embeddings v2 base de | Jina AI | 44.2 | 2026-04 |
| snowflake arctic embed m | Snowflake | 44.2 | 2026-04 |
| nomic embed code | Nomic AI | 44.0 | 2026-04 |
| Qwen3 Embedding 0.6B | Alibaba / Qwen Team | 44.0 | 2026-04 |
| Qwen3 VL Embedding 2B | Alibaba / Qwen Team | 44.0 | 2026-04 |
| e5 base v2 | intfloat | 43.8 | 2026-04 |
| bge code v1 | BAAI | 43.5 | 2026-04 |
| jina embeddings v2 base code | Jina AI | 43.5 | 2026-04 |
| SFR Embedding Code 400M R | Salesforce | 43.2 | 2026-04 |
| multilingual e5 base | intfloat | 43.0 | 2026-04 |
| e5 base | intfloat | 42.5 | 2026-04 |
| text-embedding-3-small | OpenAI | 42.5 | 2026-04 |
| jina embeddings v2 small en | Jina AI | 42.2 | 2026-04 |
| bge small en v1.5 | BAAI | 42.1 | 2026-04 |
| bge small zh v1.5 | BAAI | 42 | 2026-04 |
| granite embedding 107M multilingual | IBM | 42.0 | 2026-04 |
| granite embedding 125M english | IBM | 42.0 | 2026-04 |
| snowflake arctic embed s | Snowflake | 41.8 | 2026-04 |
| all mpnet base v2 | Sentence Transformers | 41.5 | 2026-04 |
| e5 small v2 | intfloat | 41.5 | 2026-04 |
| bge small zh | BAAI | 41.2 | 2026-04 |
| multilingual e5 small | intfloat | 41.0 | 2026-04 |
| all MiniLM L12 v2 | Sentence Transformers | 40.5 | 2026-04 |
| bge small en | BAAI | 40.5 | 2026-04 |
| all MiniLM L6 v2 | Sentence Transformers | 40.1 | 2026-04 |
| e5 small | intfloat | 40.0 | 2026-04 |
| multi qa mpnet base dot v1 | Sentence Transformers | 39.8 | 2026-04 |
| text-embedding-ada-002 | OpenAI | 39.8 | 2026-04 |
| all roberta large v1 | Sentence Transformers | 39.5 | 2026-04 |
| multi qa mpnet base cos v1 | Sentence Transformers | 39.5 | 2026-04 |
| snowflake arctic embed xs | Snowflake | 39.5 | 2026-04 |
| paraphrase mpnet base v2 | Sentence Transformers | 39.2 | 2026-04 |
| all distilroberta v1 | Sentence Transformers | 39.0 | 2026-04 |
| paraphrase multilingual mpnet base v2 | Sentence Transformers | 38.5 | 2026-04 |
| multi qa MiniLM L6 cos v1 | Sentence Transformers | 38.0 | 2026-04 |
| granite embedding 30M english | IBM | 37.5 | 2026-04 |
| granite embedding 30M sparse | IBM | 37.5 | 2026-04 |
| paraphrase multilingual MiniLM L12 v2 | Sentence Transformers | 37.5 | 2026-04 |
| paraphrase MiniLM L12 v2 | Sentence Transformers | 37.2 | 2026-04 |
| paraphrase MiniLM L6 v2 | Sentence Transformers | 36.8 | 2026-04 |
| msmarco bert base dot v5 | Sentence Transformers | 36.5 | 2026-04 |
| LaBSE | Sentence Transformers | 36.2 | 2026-04 |
| msmarco MiniLM L12 cos v5 | Sentence Transformers | 36.0 | 2026-04 |
| msmarco MiniLM L6 v3 | Sentence Transformers | 35.0 | 2026-04 |
| paraphrase MiniLM L3 v2 | Sentence Transformers | 34.5 | 2026-04 |
| distiluse base multilingual cased v2 | Sentence Transformers | 34.0 | 2026-04 |
| distiluse base multilingual cased v1 | Sentence Transformers | 32.5 | 2026-04 |